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\begin_body
\begin_layout Section
Java
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\begin_layout Standard
Java is used by many mainstream software applications and software development
tools.
As such, Java is often bundled with them.
This can result in several different Java Virtual Machines (JVMs), and
versions, installed on the same computer.
To exacerbate the issue, many Linux distributions (such as SUSE, Mandrake,
RedHat, and Ubuntu) install the OpenJDK, or IcedTea, and the GNU Compiler
for Java (GCJ) system-wide.
This causes many other problems.
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\begin_layout Standard
The following instructions describe how to install the Java Development
Kit (JDK) on a typical Linux distribution.
You can adapt the commands to other platforms.
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\begin_layout Standard
To simplify the Java environment install and configure Java as follows:
\end_layout
\begin_layout Enumerate
Login to a user account.
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\begin_layout Enumerate
Delete or uninstall all previous Java installations and Java compilers.
For example, type:
\end_layout
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sudo aptitude remove openjdk-6-jdk openjdk-6-jre
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sudo aptitude remove icedtea-6-jre-cacao gcj
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\begin_layout Enumerate
Download the JDK into
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.
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\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
target "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/"
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\end_inset
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\begin_layout Enumerate
Install the JDK.
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Open a terminal.
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Extract the contents of the JDK
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Change the version number where appropriate.
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archive into
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as follows:
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Use
\family typewriter
/opt/
\family default
for precompiled binaries, such as the JDK.
Use
\family typewriter
/usr/local/
\family default
for manually compiled binaries.
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\end_inset
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\family typewriter
sudo su -
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cd
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unixdirrootprog{}
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chmod +x
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jdk*.bin
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\backslash
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jdk*.bin
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ln -s
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jdk1.6.0_24
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jdk
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\begin_layout Standard
The JDK is installed and a symbolic link is created.
Note: To simplify JDK upgrades, the symbolic link must not contain the
version number.
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\begin_layout Enumerate
Logout of the root account.
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Edit
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$HOME
\family default
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.bashrc
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.
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Append the following text:
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JAVA_HOME=
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jdk
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PATH=$PATH:$HOME
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bin:$JAVA_HOME
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bin
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export PATH JAVA_HOME
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Save the file.
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Either logout and login again, or type the following to update the environment
settings:
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source $HOME
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\backslash
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.bashrc
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\begin_layout Standard
After setting the
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JAVA_HOME
\family default
and
\family typewriter
PATH
\family default
environment variables, you will seldom need to change them again.
All future JDK upgrades are accomplished by following steps 3 and 4 (to
download and extract the JDK).
In addition to simplicity, this installation process has the following
advantages:
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\begin_layout Itemize
No other versions of Java are installed, which eliminates potential conflicts.
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\begin_layout Itemize
You can install multiple JDKs; change the symbolic link to switch between
them.
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\begin_layout Itemize
All the files related to Java are located in a single location.
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\begin_layout Itemize
You know exactly what version of Java runs the applications.
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\begin_layout Standard
As this installation method does not use the system package manager, some
applications (for example, LibreOffice) cannot reliably detect the Java
installation during their own installation process.
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