| | public class Contractions { |
| | /** |
| | + * Answers whether the given word is a contraction that always starts |
| | + * with an apostrophe. The comparison is case insensitive. This must |
| | + * only be called when a straight quote is followed by a word. |
| | + * |
| | + * @param word The word to compare against the list of known unambiguous |
| | + * contractions. |
| | + * @return {@code true} when the given word is in the set of unambiguous |
| | + * contractions. |
| | + */ |
| | + public static boolean contractionBeganUnambiguously( final String word ) { |
| | + assert word != null; |
| | + return BEGAN_UNAMBIGUOUS.contains( word.toLowerCase() ) || |
| | + word.equals( "em" ); |
| | + } |
| | + |
| | + /** |
| | + * Answers whether the given word could be a contraction but is also a |
| | + * valid word in non-contracted form. |
| | + * |
| | + * @param word The word to compare against the list of known ambiguous |
| | + * contractions. |
| | + * @return {@code true} when the given word is in the set of ambiguous |
| | + * contractions. |
| | + */ |
| | + public static boolean contractionBeganAmbiguously( final String word ) { |
| | + assert word != null; |
| | + return BEGAN_AMBIGUOUS.contains( word.toLowerCase() ); |
| | + } |
| | + |
| | + public static boolean contractionEndedUnambiguously( final String word ) { |
| | + assert word != null; |
| | + return ENDED_UNAMBIGUOUS.contains( word.toLowerCase() ); |
| | + } |
| | + |
| | + public static boolean contractionEndedAmbiguously( final String word ) { |
| | + assert word != null; |
| | + final var check = word.toLowerCase(); |
| | + |
| | + // Ensure that 'n' isn't matched for ambiguity by enforcing length, yet |
| | + // allow o' to match because 'a sentence can end with the letter o'. |
| | + return ENDED_AMBIGUOUS.contains( check ) || |
| | + check.endsWith( "s" ) || check.endsWith( "z" ) || |
| | + check.endsWith( "x" ) || (check.length() > 1 && check.endsWith( "n" )); |
| | + } |
| | + |
| | + /** |
| | * Words having a straight apostrophe that cannot be mistaken for an |
| | * opening single quote. |
| | */ |
| | private static final Set<String> BEGAN_UNAMBIGUOUS = Set.of( |
| | -// "aporth", "boutcha", "boutchu", "cept", "dillo", "e", "e'll", "e's", |
| | -// "fraid", "gainst", "n", "neath", "nother", "onna", "onna'", "pon", "s", |
| | -// "sblood", "scuse", "sfar", "sfoot", "t", "taint", "tain't", "til", "tis", |
| | -// "tisn't", "tshall", "twas", "twasn't", "tween", "twere", "tweren't", |
| | -// "twixt", "twon't", "twou'd", "twou'dn't", "twould", "twouldn't", "ve" |
| | - |
| | - "aporth", "boutcha", "boutchu", "cept", "dillo", "fraid", "gainst", |
| | - "n", "neath", "nother", "onna", "onna'", "pon", "s", "sblood", "scuse", |
| | - "sfar", "sfoot", "t", "taint", "tain", "til", "tis", "tisn", "tshall", |
| | - "twas", "twasn", "tween", "twere", "tweren", "twixt", "twon", "twou", |
| | - "twould", "twouldn", "ve" |
| | + "aporth", |
| | + "boutcha", |
| | + "boutchu", |
| | + "cept", |
| | + "dillo", |
| | + "fraid", |
| | + "gainst", |
| | + "n", |
| | + "neath", |
| | + "nother", |
| | + "onna", |
| | + "onna'", |
| | + "pon", |
| | + "s", |
| | + "sblood", |
| | + "scuse", |
| | + "sfar", |
| | + "sfoot", |
| | + "t", |
| | + "taint", |
| | + "tain", |
| | + "til", |
| | + "tis", |
| | + "tisn", |
| | + "tshall", |
| | + "twas", |
| | + "twasn", |
| | + "tween", |
| | + "twere", |
| | + "tweren", |
| | + "twixt", |
| | + "twon", |
| | + "twou", |
| | + "twould", |
| | + "twouldn", |
| | + "ve" |
| | ); |
| | |
 |
| | // he|e pluribus unum |
| | "e", |
| | - // them|emily |
| | - "em", |
| | // here|earlier |
| | "ere", |
|
| | "ol", |
| | // the |
| | - "th" |
| | + "th", |
| | + // Top ~500 common -ing words as English contractions. |
| | + "acceptin", |
| | + "accompanyin", |
| | + "accordin", |
| | + "accountin", |
| | + "achievin", |
| | + "acquirin", |
| | + "actin", |
| | + "addin", |
| | + "addressin", |
| | + "adjoinin", |
| | + "adoptin", |
| | + "advancin", |
| | + "advertisin", |
| | + "affectin", |
| | + "agin", |
| | + "allowin", |
| | + "amazin", |
| | + "analyzin", |
| | + "answerin", |
| | + "anythin", |
| | + "appearin", |
| | + "applyin", |
| | + "approachin", |
| | + "arguin", |
| | + "arisin", |
| | + "arrivin", |
| | + "askin", |
| | + "assessin", |
| | + "assumin", |
| | + "attackin", |
| | + "attemptin", |
| | + "attendin", |
| | + "avoidin", |
| | + "bankin", |
| | + "bargainin", |
| | + "bearin", |
| | + "beatin", |
| | + "becomin", |
| | + "beginnin", |
| | + "bein", |
| | + "believin", |
| | + "belongin", |
| | + "bendin", |
| | + "bindin", |
| | + "bleedin", |
| | + "blessin", |
| | + "blowin", |
| | + "boilin", |
| | + "borrowin", |
| | + "breakin", |
| | + "breathin", |
| | + "breedin", |
| | + "bringin", |
| | + "broadcastin", |
| | + "buildin", |
| | + "burnin", |
| | + "buyin", |
| | + "calculatin", |
| | + "callin", |
| | + "carryin", |
| | + "castin", |
| | + "causin", |
| | + "ceilin", |
| | + "challengin", |
| | + "changin", |
| | + "checkin", |
| | + "choosin", |
| | + "claimin", |
| | + "cleanin", |
| | + "clearin", |
| | + "climbin", |
| | + "closin", |
| | + "clothin", |
| | + "collectin", |
| | + "combinin", |
| | + "comin", |
| | + "commandin", |
| | + "comparin", |
| | + "compellin", |
| | + "competin", |
| | + "computin", |
| | + "concernin", |
| | + "concludin", |
| | + "conditionin", |
| | + "conductin", |
| | + "conflictin", |
| | + "connectin", |
| | + "considerin", |
| | + "consistin", |
| | + "constructin", |
| | + "consultin", |
| | + "consumin", |
| | + "containin", |
| | + "continuin", |
| | + "contractin", |
| | + "contributin", |
| | + "controllin", |
| | + "convincin", |
| | + "cookin", |
| | + "coolin", |
| | + "copin", |
| | + "correspondin", |
| | + "counselin", |
| | + "countin", |
| | + "couplin", |
| | + "coverin", |
| | + "creatin", |
| | + "crossin", |
| | + "cryin", |
| | + "cuttin", |
| | + "dancin", |
| | + "darlin", |
| | + "datin", |
| | + "dealin", |
| | + "decidin", |
| | + "declarin", |
| | + "declinin", |
| | + "decreasin", |
| | + "definin", |
| | + "demandin", |
| | + "denyin", |
| | + "dependin", |
| | + "descendin", |
| | + "describin", |
| | + "designin", |
| | + "destroyin", |
| | + "determinin", |
| | + "developin", |
| | + "differin", |
| | + "dinin", |
| | + "directin", |
| | + "discussin", |
| | + "distinguishin", |
| | + "disturbin", |
| | + "dividin", |
| | + "doin", |
| | + "drawin", |
| | + "dressin", |
| | + "drinkin", |
| | + "drivin", |
| | + "droppin", |
| | + "dryin", |
| | + "durin", |
| | + "dwellin", |
| | + "dyin", |
| | + "eatin", |
| | + "editin", |
| | + "emergin", |
| | + "employin", |
| | + "enablin", |
| | + "encouragin", |
| | + "endin", |
| | + "engagin", |
| | + "engineerin", |
| | + "enjoyin", |
| | + "enterin", |
| | + "establishin", |
| | + "evaluatin", |
| | + "evenin", |
| | + "everythin", |
| | + "examinin", |
| | + "exceedin", |
| | + "excitin", |
| | + "excludin", |
| | + "existin", |
| | + "expandin", |
| | + "expectin", |
| | + "experiencin", |
| | + "explainin", |
| | + "explorin", |
| | + "expressin", |
| | + "extendin", |
| | + "facin", |
| | + "failin", |
| | + "fallin", |
| | + "farmin", |
| | + "fascinatin", |
| | + "feedin", |
| | + "feelin", |
| | + "fightin", |
| | + "filin", |
| | + "fillin", |
| | + "financin", |
| | + "findin", |
| | + "firin", |
| | + "fishin", |
| | + "fittin", |
| | + "fixin", |
| | + "floatin", |
| | + "flowin", |
| | + "flyin", |
| | + "focusin", |
| | + "followin", |
| | + "forcin", |
| | + "foregoin", |
| | + "formin", |
| | + "forthcomin", |
| | + "foundin", |
| | + "freezin", |
| | + "functionin", |
| | + "fundin", |
| | + "gainin", |
| | + "gatherin", |
| | + "generatin", |
| | + "gettin", |
| | + "givin", |
| | + "goin", |
| | + "governin", |
| | + "grantin", |
| | + "growin", |
| | + "handlin", |
| | + "hangin", |
| | + "happenin", |
| | + "havin", |
| | + "headin", |
| | + "healin", |
| | + "hearin", |
| | + "heatin", |
| | + "helpin", |
| | + "hidin", |
| | + "holdin", |
| | + "hopin", |
| | + "housin", |
| | + "huntin", |
| | + "identifyin", |
| | + "imagin", |
| | + "implementin", |
| | + "imposin", |
| | + "improvin", |
| | + "includin", |
| | + "increasin", |
| | + "indicatin", |
| | + "interestin", |
| | + "interpretin", |
| | + "introducin", |
| | + "involvin", |
| | + "joinin", |
| | + "judgin", |
| | + "keepin", |
| | + "killin", |
| | + "knowin", |
| | + "lackin", |
| | + "landin", |
| | + "lastin", |
| | + "laughin", |
| | + "layin", |
| | + "leadin", |
| | + "leanin", |
| | + "learnin", |
| | + "leavin", |
| | + "lettin", |
| | + "liftin", |
| | + "lightin", |
| | + "lightnin", |
| | + "limitin", |
| | + "listenin", |
| | + "listin", |
| | + "livin", |
| | + "loadin", |
| | + "lookin", |
| | + "losin", |
| | + "lovin", |
| | + "lowerin", |
| | + "lyin", |
| | + "maintainin", |
| | + "makin", |
| | + "managin", |
| | + "manufacturin", |
| | + "mappin", |
| | + "marketin", |
| | + "markin", |
| | + "matchin", |
| | + "meanin", |
| | + "measurin", |
| | + "meetin", |
| | + "meltin", |
| | + "minin", |
| | + "misleadin", |
| | + "missin", |
| | + "mixin", |
| | + "modelin", |
| | + "monitorin", |
| | + "mornin", |
| | + "movin", |
| | + "neighborin", |
| | + "nothin", |
| | + "notin", |
| | + "notwithstandin", |
| | + "nursin", |
| | + "observin", |
| | + "obtainin", |
| | + "occurrin", |
| | + "offerin", |
| | + "offsprin", |
| | + "ongoin", |
| | + "openin", |
| | + "operatin", |
| | + "opposin", |
| | + "orderin", |
| | + "organizin", |
| | + "outstandin", |
| | + "overwhelmin", |
| | + "packin", |
| | + "paintin", |
| | + "parkin", |
| | + "participatin", |
| | + "passin", |
| | + "payin", |
| | + "pendin", |
| | + "performin", |
| | + "pickin", |
| | + "placin", |
| | + "plannin", |
| | + "plantin", |
| | + "playin", |
| | + "pleasin", |
| | + "pointin", |
| | + "possessin", |
| | + "preachin", |
| | + "precedin", |
| | + "preparin", |
| | + "presentin", |
| | + "preservin", |
| | + "pressin", |
| | + "prevailin", |
| | + "preventin", |
| | + "pricin", |
| | + "printin", |
| | + "proceedin", |
| | + "processin", |
| | + "producin", |
| | + "programmin", |
| | + "promisin", |
| | + "promotin", |
| | + "protectin", |
| | + "providin", |
| | + "provin", |
| | + "publishin", |
| | + "pullin", |
| | + "purchasin", |
| | + "pursuin", |
| | + "pushin", |
| | + "puttin", |
| | + "questionin", |
| | + "rangin", |
| | + "ratin", |
| | + "reachin", |
| | + "readin", |
| | + "reasonin", |
| | + "receivin", |
| | + "recognizin", |
| | + "recordin", |
| | + "reducin", |
| | + "referrin", |
| | + "reflectin", |
| | + "refusin", |
| | + "regardin", |
| | + "regulatin", |
| | + "relatin", |
| | + "remainin", |
| | + "rememberin", |
| | + "removin", |
| | + "renderin", |
| | + "repeatin", |
| | + "replacin", |
| | + "reportin", |
| | + "representin", |
| | + "requirin", |
| | + "respectin", |
| | + "respondin", |
| | + "restin", |
| | + "resultin", |
| | + "returnin", |
| | + "revealin", |
| | + "ridin", |
| | + "risin", |
| | + "rulin", |
| | + "runnin", |
| | + "sailin", |
| | + "samplin", |
| | + "satisfyin", |
| | + "savin", |
| | + "sayin", |
| | + "scatterin", |
| | + "schoolin", |
| | + "screenin", |
| | + "searchin", |
| | + "securin", |
| | + "seein", |
| | + "seekin", |
| | + "selectin", |
| | + "sellin", |
| | + "sendin", |
| | + "separatin", |
| | + "servin", |
| | + "settin", |
| | + "settlin", |
| | + "shakin", |
| | + "shapin", |
| | + "sharin", |
| | + "shiftin", |
| | + "shinin", |
| | + "shippin", |
| | + "shootin", |
| | + "shoppin", |
| | + "showin", |
| | + "singin", |
| | + "sinkin", |
| | + "sittin", |
| | + "sleepin", |
| | + "smilin", |
| | + "smokin", |
| | + "solvin", |
| | + "somethin", |
| | + "speakin", |
| | + "spellin", |
| | + "spendin", |
| | + "spinnin", |
| | + "spreadin", |
| | + "standin", |
| | + "starin", |
| | + "startin", |
| | + "statin", |
| | + "stayin", |
| | + "sterlin", |
| | + "stimulatin", |
| | + "stirrin", |
| | + "stoppin", |
| | + "strengthenin", |
| | + "stretchin", |
| | + "strikin", |
| | + "strugglin", |
| | + "studyin", |
| | + "succeedin", |
| | + "sufferin", |
| | + "suggestin", |
| | + "supplyin", |
| | + "supportin", |
| | + "surprisin", |
| | + "surroundin", |
| | + "survivin", |
| | + "sweepin", |
| | + "swellin", |
| | + "swimmin", |
| | + "switchin", |
| | + "takin", |
| | + "talkin", |
| | + "teachin", |
| | + "tellin", |
| | + "testin", |
| | + "thinkin", |
| | + "threatenin", |
| | + "throwin", |
| | + "timin", |
| | + "touchin", |
| | + "tradin", |
| | + "trainin", |
| | + "travelin", |
| | + "treatin", |
| | + "tremblin", |
| | + "tryin", |
| | + "turnin", |
| | + "underlyin", |
| | + "understandin", |
| | + "undertakin", |
| | + "unwillin", |
| | + "usin", |
| | + "varyin", |
| | + "viewin", |
| | + "visitin", |
| | + "votin", |
| | + "waitin", |
| | + "walkin", |
| | + "wanderin", |
| | + "wantin", |
| | + "warnin", |
| | + "washin", |
| | + "watchin", |
| | + "wearin", |
| | + "weddin", |
| | + "willin", |
| | + "windin", |
| | + "winnin", |
| | + "wishin", |
| | + "wonderin", |
| | + "workin", |
| | + "writin", |
| | + "yieldin" |
| | ); |
| | - |
| | - /** |
| | - * Answers whether the given word is a contraction that always starts |
| | - * with an apostrophe. The comparison is case insensitive. This must |
| | - * only be called when a straight quote is followed by a word. |
| | - * |
| | - * @param word The word to compare against the list of known unambiguous |
| | - * contractions. |
| | - * @return {@code true} when the given word is in the set of unambiguous |
| | - * contractions. |
| | - */ |
| | - public static boolean contractionBeganUnambiguously( final String word ) { |
| | - assert word != null; |
| | - return BEGAN_UNAMBIGUOUS.contains( word.toLowerCase() ); |
| | - } |
| | - |
| | - /** |
| | - * Answers whether the given word could be a contraction but is also a |
| | - * valid word in non-contracted form. |
| | - * |
| | - * @param word The word to compare against the list of known ambiguous |
| | - * contractions. |
| | - * @return {@code true} when the given word is in the set of ambiguous |
| | - * contractions. |
| | - */ |
| | - public static boolean contractionBeganAmbiguously( final String word ) { |
| | - assert word != null; |
| | - return BEGAN_AMBIGUOUS.contains( word.toLowerCase() ); |
| | - } |
| | - |
| | - public static boolean contractionEndedAmbiguously( final String word ) { |
| | - assert word != null; |
| | - final var check = word.toLowerCase(); |
| | - |
| | - return ENDED_AMBIGUOUS.contains( check ) || check.endsWith( "s" ) || |
| | - check.endsWith( "n" ) || check.endsWith( "z" ) || check.endsWith( "x" ); |
| | - } |
| | - |
| | - public static boolean contractionEndedUnambiguously( final String word ) { |
| | - assert word != null; |
| | - return ENDED_UNAMBIGUOUS.contains( word.toLowerCase() ); |
| | - } |
| | } |
| | |